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Question asked 2021-01-21 18:32:56 ...
Most recent comment 2023-09-15 14:41:24
Egg Tempera
Casein
I have a student wondering if she can paint egg tempera on casein. Since casein, like tempera, is a high PVC paint, I can imagine it's open, absorbent surface may allow tempera to properly adhere. But I don't really know. Any thoughts on this idea?
Koo Schadler
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Moderator Answer
(brian baade)
Koo
I have not tried this. Wehlte and especially Mayer indicate that it is fine. Mayer says that it is easier to control and apply but that it is more brittle. He also writes that the manipulation of egg tempera paint on casein gesso is in some way inferior. I do not know if this means that it makes a coarser gesso or if it is not as absorbent as a well made chalk/gypsum glue
ground.
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Moderator Answer
(george o'hanlon)
Koo, I think you may have already tried this with a commercial casein gesso.
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Moderator Answer
(brian baade)
First, I want to state here that in the interest of making
my responses less wordy in the future, I will be writing animal glue- Ca-
ground when I refer to a traditional gypsum-glue ground or a chalk-glue ground.
The Ca- will be a substitute for CaCO3
or CaSO4. I will maintain the verbose “acrylic dispersion ground” terminology
in lieu of “acrylic gesso” since the latter really makes no sense and only
confuses the situation.
My experience with commercial casein paints on a larger
scale (not necessarily those tubed for fine
art purposes, but those in cans for theatrical scene painting) is that they are
loaded with ammonia to prevent premature decay. I wonder if the same would be
true for some commercial casein “gesso.” Probably it is an apples and oranges
situation, but I want to put that out there.
Like tubed “egg tempera,” the fine art casein “gesso” products
that I have seen all have a drying oil component added. To my understanding,
casein/oil emulsions tend to become quite yellow over time. There may be some way
to surmount this in the formulation. No matter what, the handling properties
and absorption qualities of said grounds would seem to be different than that
of a traditional glue-Ca- ground. I would guess that a simple casein solution-Ca-
ground could be prepared that would be rather close to an animal glue-Ca-
ground. The ground containing oil may be perfectly suitable and perhaps preferable
to traditional grounds for particular medium/effects, but just that it would be
different from the traditional product. Additionally, I do know, based on
my own meager work on the subject (analysis of the ability to detect proteins extracted
from a natural sources using immunology stains) the hydrolyzation ingredients
have a major effect on the product and the resultant residues (ie ammonia/ammonia
salts vs. borax, vs. etc.)
None of the above really has anything to do with what is
best for anyone’s specific needs. When I paint in egg tempera or want to water
gild, I require the most absorbent, yet stable, ground possible. Others may
prefer a slightly less absorbent ground. They may be very happy with commercial clay or
gesso boards. These are not inferior in any way, just different, and more or
less appropriate for specific techniques and effects.
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Moderator Answer
(koo schadler)
Thanks for those replies. You're correct, George, I did paint on Sinopia's casein gesso, but as Brian notes, it is a casein product with added oil, not pure casein. Although Sinopia's casein gesso is advertised as "ideally" suited to egg tempera, I found the ground insufficiently absorbent for some of my working methods.
My experience has been that if one works exclusivley in tempera as if "drawing" with the brush (using a well-wiped, finely pointed brush to crosshatch lines), than many grounds with a moderate degree of absorption work well. But the minute you start doing anything different ("sponging" on paint, as I do; floating 'petit lacs'; working with a wide, flat watercolor brush; etc) those same grounds do not have enough absorbency, enough places for the water to go; the water remains too present to the paint film, encouarges underlying layers to dissolve, and, even with a very light touch, there is apt to be lifting.
Interesting that casein/oil products become very yellow over time....more so than regular oil paint? Do you know why, Brian - does the casein (or added amonia) encourage greater yellowing in the oil? Or are they poor quality oils?
This student also asked about painting on red bole - I presume with rabbit skin glue as the binder (she didn't specify). I would think paint would just sink in? Don't know about that one either...
Thanks for continuing the conversation,
Koo
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Moderator Answer
(koo schadler)
Thanks, Nancy - very interesting, I didn't realize that about casein.
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