All about sinking in and oiling outApproveRejectUn-ApproveSubscribeUn-Unsubscribe
Question asked 2017-08-03 15:19:27 ...
Most recent comment 2017-09-04 17:19:32
Oil Paint
Drying Oils
Paint Mediums
Dear MITRA,
I encounter a lot of sinking-in due to the large fields of dark colors I use. I’ve been oiling out with straight walnut oil as a final layer in some cases despite the warnings for several reasons: 1) The brushwork is sucessful and seems a shame to repaint. 2) I don't have six months to wait for varnishing. 3) Even when I do oil out, then reapint, I often get more sinking it. 4) It solves the problem in the short term.
I have read all of the posts relating to this topic (which have given me some good advise about other ways to mitigate the probelm) but still have several quesitons–
If oil is rubbed into an acrylic ground to deter sinking-in, how does this affect the “fat over lean rule”? If a canvas is prepared this way, can one still paint with a medium that has solvent in it?
If a layer of paint is oiled out with straight oil, does this mean one shouldn’t use any solvent in their next painted layer?
I prefer to use straight walnut oil for oiling-out because it is thin and adding solvent can lift the paint, but I have read on this forum that more bodied oils thinned with solvent are better for oiling out. Why is a bodied oil thinned with solvent superior to a thinner straight oil?
Can a black area of a painting be oiled out as a final layer? Is the inability for a conservator to remove this layer later on the only issue, since I assume true black won’t develop a yellow cast?
How long does the yellowing process take to appear if a painting has been oiled out as a final layer?
If cold wax is used in a medium to create a more even color field (i.e. less variation in shine), can the painting still be oiled out?
Thank you so much.
EditDelete
Moderator Answer
(mkinsey)
If paint is lifting when oiling out, the initial layer is probably not dry enough yet. You may want to try a different medium, maybe alkyd-based. For a very long time, artists have employed mediums that render paint faster drying and, when touch-dry, less vulnerable to staining and re-wetting. The de Mayerne manuscript describes (vaguely) the "Amber Oil of Venice" that was used in the Gentileschi studio for flesh and white passages, to facilitate prompt overpainting and reduce staining of light colors. There are lots of factory-prepared mediums that deliver these benefits today. A medium that imparts gloss will also reduce sinking of colors.
If the paint film contains significant amounts of wax, I would not advise oiling out or any heavy manipulation. Wax tends to dull a paint layer so if you are having difficulty achieving deep darks, wax may not be the best choice.
EditDelete
Moderator Answer
(brian baade)
Some of these are well answered in our resources section
about oiling out. I am sensing that you are restating these questions because
you do not really like the answers we have provided ;) I will briefly address
each of your questions.
The fat over lean “rule” is an over simplification. The
important notion is more rigid and brittle under less rigid and more flexible. In
this instance, this is not the important factor. If you rub walnut oil into the
acrylic dispersion ground and paint into it before it has dried, the oil becomes
incorporated into the paint and is not a discrete layer any more. We really
advise to not apply oil as a coating that is allowed to dry before paint is
applied. The reasons for this are enumerated in our resource section.
A properly dried paint film should be resilient to the application of
additional layers of paint containing solvents as long as the solvent choice is
not too “hot” or slow evaporating. This is one of my issues with spike oil
which evaporate so slowly that is can dissolve paint films that have set for a
reasonable amount of time.
Bodied oils tend to provide a slightly sticky surface after
the solvent has evaporated. This may or may not facilitate your intended
effects. In addition, stand oil is less yellowing that unprocessed oil. There
is nothing wrong with using walnut oil, as long as you are going to paint into
that oil and cover it completely with layers of pigmented paint. I sense this
is not what you want to hear.
Unfortunately, it is a bad idea to leave dried oil exposed,
even over dark paint layers. It will yellow, but also become turbid over time.
These areas will eventually be seen as slightly brownish-green. No, it will not
be as visually disturbing as exposed oil on light colors or white, but it will
still become visually apparent.
There are too many factors here to give an exact timeframe
for yellowing. Again, I am sensing that you want to hear that if you have not
seen this in X amount of time, there is not a problem. I cannot offer that
assurance.
Unless the effect created by additions of wax are essential to your aesthetic
aims, I caution against incorporating it INTO oil paint. There is not a real
problem with this but if large amounts are added, the work should be treated as
something different than a traditional oil painting and certainly information
about the media and wax should be noted and retained on or with the painting. You
should also seriously deliberate whether to varnish such a work. Wax will
remain eternally soluble in mild organic solvents making it difficult to remove
a discolored varnish if a substantial amount of wax has been added.
If you oil out into a couch of wax you are likely going to
slightly dissolve the wax into the oil. This would be preferably to having a
discrete wax layer between layers of oil paint. Wax interlayers could be “undercut”
during varnish removal, which could scale away the uppermost oil layer. This is
the worst-case scenario but it is certainly possible with wax interlayers.
Again, please record you working materials and layering on the painting if you
are going to use this technique. You
could also make a note on your painting that you would prefer that your paint
not be cleaned in the future due to your medium or varnish decisions. As
always, it is better to provide future conservators with more rather than less information.
I hope this was of some help.
EditDelete
Moderator Answer
(brian baade)
There are a couple of different components here. One of the main
concern with oiling out is that any portions that are left exposed WILL yellow
over time and become unsightly. We see this frequently on paintings that enter
our conservation lab to be cleaned. These regions remain irretrievably
darker and yellower than the sections of the surface that received subsequent
layers of pigmented paint.
The nice thing about painting into wet oil is that it
becomes incorporated into the paint and is not a discrete fatty layer between
more rigid layers of paint. If this layer if substantial, it will violate the general principle of keeping the more rigid layers below the less rigid layers, This would be even more problematic for canvas paintings as generally flex far more than panel paintings.
However, one can successfully apply a minimal layer of oil/medium
to cut the absorbency if one is rigorous about only adding just enough to achieve
the desired effect. I know that some knowledgably
commentators state that this dried layer can be left uncovered BUT my experience
in conserving paintings leads me to caution against this practice.
Finally, I do think that your proposal to lessen the absorbency
of a Clayboard panel is doable. I have done this to the same product when my
project required a less absorbent ground that the untreated product. I will
contact Amperstand to get their take on this as they have done a lot of R &
D and testing of their products.
EditDelete
Moderator Answer
(brian baade)
A VERY MINIMAL amount of alkyd medium rubbed on very thin using a pad of lint-free cotton fabric. This was allowed to completely dry before working on it. It was later completely covered with paint.
This Page Last Modified On:
restricted